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This work IS in the public domain in the United States because it was first published in 2003 or later and its author died over 70 years ago. This item has been identified as first disclosed to the public after the author's EU/UK copyrights expired. Although the author's copyright has expired, the first publisher of this work has the exclusive EU/UK rights to this item for a period of 25 years from first disclosure to the public, and so this work is not effectively in the public domain in the European Union or the United Kingdom.This item, which was in the public domain in its country of origin in 2022 or earlier, and which was not created by a citizen or national of Canada, the United States or Mexico, is in public domain in Canada due to the rule of the shorter term. The author's copyright expired in the EU before 2022, notwithstanding any related rights which would belong to the first publisher if the work was never disclosed to the public before the 2021 publication.
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